Molecular Expression Of Abo Blood Group Antigens Discrepancies During Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia In Kano, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/njh.vol8no1.72Keywords:
Chronic myeloid leukaemias, ABO Blood group, KanoAbstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a slowly progressing clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm of the pluripotent stem cells characterised by the accumulation of abnormal myeloid cells in the late stages of myeloid cell production. Blood group discrepancies have been associated with some haematological malignancies, elderly adults and Neonates. However, not much has been studied on the ABO blood discrepancies during chronic myeloid leukaemia in this part of the world. This study, therefore, investigated the ABO blood group discrepancy that may occur in patients with CML in Kano, Nigeria. A total of 45 chronic myeloid leukaemia subjects (age: 41.29±13.96 years, male/female ratio: 1.5:1) were studied with 45 healthy blood donors (controls) with mean ages of 32.02±8.44 years and male/female ratio: 10.3:1. Chronic myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed using the clinical and morphological criteria in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). The ABO blood group was determined using three different techniques (Tube method, Tube method with AHG added and molecular). The Antisera was obtained from Lorne Laboratories in the United Kingdom, while the primers were designed using NCBI and synthesised by Integrated DNA Technologies, Singapore. All the techniques were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Data are presented as tables and figures and analysed using SPSS (version 25.0). The CML had male gender predominance. The majority of the CML subjects were of the Hausa tribe: 40, while the remaining were Yorubas: 03, and Igbos made last with just 02. The association of ABO blood group and chronic myeloid leukaemia was determined using the Chi-square test, while Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) were used to ascertain their risk values. The results showed that B blood group antigen was significantly associated with CML. The p-value, OR, and RR for B antigen in CML were 0.0389, 0.22, and 0.39, respectively. Weak ABO antigen reaction was observed serologically among some CML subjects. We conclude that CML is associated with weak expression of ABO blood group antigens, leading to blood group discrepancies. The ABO blood group by tile or tube methods may not be accurate during the CML process unless the reaction is enhanced by incubation with added AHG at room temperature for 10 minutes.
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