Haematological Parameters, CD4+ T Cells, Plasma HIV RNA Quantification And Interleukin-18 Levels In Adults, Infected With HIV-1 Before And After Initiation Of Antiretroviraltherapy In Zaria, Nigeria
Keywords:
HAART, plasma HIV viral load, CD4+ T-Cells, serum IL-18, HIV-1 infectionAbstract
Background: Interleukin (IL)-18, is an important proinflammatory cytokine which induces and regulates immune responses in patients with HIV-1 infection. It is reported to be elevated in patients with HIV-1 infection and decreases after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). However, relatively little is known about its production in HIV infection in the local population.
Aim and Objectives: To determine and compare the serum levels of IL-18, CD4+ T lymphocytes and HIV viral load quantification following treatment with HAART.
Materials and Methods: Forty-four (44) HAART naive HIV-1 infected patients undergoing pre-treatment assessment were recruited consecutively at the HIV sub-specialty clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, and commenced on HAART. Haematological parameters were measured using the Sysmex KX-21N automated analyzer, CD4+ T cell counts were quantified using Cyflow counter machine by Partec Germany, IL-18 was assayed using the Quantikine Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and plasma HIV viral load (pVL) was performed using COBAS Roche Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. All the parameters were assessed at baseline and repeated at 6 months.
Results: The baseline results versus 6 months were as follows: Haematological parameters were not statistically significant difference following HAART. Serum IL-18 (1345.0 pg/ml vs 741.5 pg/ml; p =0.0188), CD4+ Tcell counts (151.0 cells/µl vs 196.5 cells/µl; p=0.0048) and pVL (6883 copies/ml vs 115 copies/ml, p=0.0001). This shows that while serum IL-18 levels and pVL reduced significantly. CD4+ T-lymphocytes increased with HAART. CD4+ T lymphocytes and IL18 levels were not significantly correlated to white cell count and pVL following HAART.
Conclusion: In this study IL-18 levels in HIV-1 infected patients declined following antiretroviral therapy, therefore effective administration of HAART may result in lowering this proinflammatory cytokine.
Downloads
References
Seoane E, Resino S. Lipid and apoprotein profile in HIV-1 infected patients after CD4guided treatment interruption. J Acq Imm Def Synd. 2008;48 (4):455-459.
Cease KB, Berzofsky JA. Toward a vaccine for AIDS: the emergence of immunobiologybased vaccine development. Ann Rev Immunol. 1994; 12:923–989.
Ahmad R, Sindhu STA, Toma E, Morisset R, Ahmad A. Elevated Levels of Circulating Interleukin-18 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: Role of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Implications for AIDS Pathogenesis. J Virol. 2002;76 (24): 12448–12456. 24 0022-538X/02/$04.00_0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12448–12456.2002 American Society for Microbiology.
Shearer GM. HIV-induced immunopathogenesis. Immunity. 1998; 9:587– 593.
World Health Organization HIV/AIDS https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/hiv-aids
National Agency for Control of AIDS 2021 http://www.naca.gov.ng/revised-national-hivand-aids-strategic-framework-2019-2021/
Anastos K, Shi Q, French A, Levine A, Greeblatt RM, Willims C. Total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin and delayed type hypersensitivity as predictors of death and AID illness in HIV-1 Infected women receiving highly-active antiretroviral therapy, J Acq imm def synd. 2004;35: 383-392.
Douek D, Brenchley J, Betts M. HIV preferentially infects HIV specific CD4+ cells. Nature 2002; 417:95-98.
World Health Organization (2007). Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach. 2nd Edition Geneva.
Amirayan-Chevillard N, Tissot-Dupont H, Capo C, Brunet C, Dignat-George F, Obadia Y, et al. Impact of HAART on cytokine production and monocyte subsets in HIV infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001;120 (1):107-112.
Burtis CAshwood ABruns ER , Tietz DE. (2006). Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 4th.Ed. New Delhi, India Saunders Elsevier. 81-85
World Health Organization (2009). Guideline for Enumeration of CD4 T Lymphocytes in the context of HIV/AIDS. WHO Publications. WHO Regional office in South East Asia, New Delhi, India. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205403
Osuji AI, Nneka RA, Martin OI, Ifeoma E, Idris NA. Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Biomarkers Correlates of Liver Injury among Healthy Blood Donors in Nigeria. J Adv Med Med Res. 2020:32 (2):69-78.
Obiri-Yeboah D, Pappoe F, Baidoo I, Arthur F, Benjamin A. Baidoo S. et al. Immunologic and virological response to ART among HIV
infected individuals at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. BMC Inf Dis. 2018; 18:230 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3142-145
Donato Torre, Agostino Pugliese. Interleukin18: a pro-inflammatory cytokine in HIV-1 infection. Curr HIV Res. 2006;4(4): 423430.doi: 10.2174/157016206778559993
Stylianou E, Bjerkeli V, Yndestad A, Heggelund L, Waehre T, Damas J.K, et al. Raised serum levels of interleukin-18 is associated with disease progression and may contribute to virological treatment failure in HIV-1-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003 Jun ;132:(3) 462–466. doi:10.1046/j,1365-2249.2003.02179. x. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Wiercinska-Drapalo A, Jaroszewicz J, Flisiak R, Prokopowicz D. Plasma interleukin-18 is associated with viral load and disease progression in HIV-1-infected patients. Microbes Infect. 2004;6: 1273–1277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Torre, D., F. Speranza, R. Martegani, A. Pugliese, F. Castelli, C et al. Circulating levels of IL-18 in adult and paediatric patients with HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2000; 14:2211–2212.)
Alexandre Iannello,1,4 Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel,2 Suzanne Samarani,1,4 Ce ´cileTremblay,3,4 Emil Toma. HIV-1 Causes an Imbalance in the Production of Interleukin18 and Its Natural Antagonist in HIV-Infected Individuals: Implications for Enhanced Viral Replication. J Inf Dis. 2010; 201:608–17
Giavedoni LD, Velasquillo MC, Parodi LM, Hubbard GB, Hodara VL. Cytokine expression, natural killer cell activation, and phe- notypic changes in lymphoid cells from rhesus macaques during acute infection with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus. J virol. 2000; 74:1648–1657.
Balagopal A, Gupte N, Shivakoti R, CoxWT AL, Yang W, Sima B et al., Continued Elevation of Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Failure in a Diverse Multi country Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort. Open Forum Inf Dis. 2016; 1-7 http://ofid.oxfordjournals.org/
Song RJ, Chenine A-L, Rasmussen RA, Ruprecht CR, Mirshahidi S, Grisson RD, et al, molecularly cloned SHIV-1157ipd3N4: a highly replication-competent, mucosally transmissible R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding HIV clade C. Env J virol. 2006;80 (17).8729-8738.
Babadoko AA, Hassan A, Mamman AI, Suleiman AM, Ahmed SA. Zidovudine induced bone marrow toxicity. High Med Res. 2007;5(1):41-42.
Keating SM, Golub ET, Nowicki M, Young M, Anastos K, Crystal H, Norris PJ. The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women. Acquire Immunodeficiency virus. 2011; 25(15):1823
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nigerian Journal of Haematology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
